TL;DR
No central registry counts deepfakes, so deepfake statistics come from incident logs, fraud-detection vendors, hotlines, researchers and surveys, and nearly all of them point sharply up. 95,820 deepfake videos were catalogued in 2023 (up 550% from 2019), 98% of them pornographic and 99% of the people depicted in that pornography women. The Internet Watch Foundation assessed 3,440 realistic AI-generated child abuse videos in 2025 versus 13 in 2024, and 43% of UK adults say they have seen a deepfake. The figures below are grouped by who is targeted, which tools produce the content, and how it is used.
This page collects the most recent verified deepfake statistics in one place, with the source of every figure. If you are here because a fake of you exists, start with our deepfake removal service or the step-by-step removal guide.
How many deepfakes exist, and how fast the count is growing
Estimates of total deepfake volume vary by methodology, but every recent dataset points the same way: sharply up, and faster than earlier projections assumed.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Video/voice deepfakes shared on social media worldwide, 2023 | ~500,000 | DeepMedia[1] |
| Projected deepfakes shared online by 2025 (6-month doubling rate) | ~8 million | DeepMedia[1] |
| Deepfake videos catalogued in the 2023 State of Deepfakes census | 95,820 (+550% vs. 2019) | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Share of catalogued deepfake videos that are pornographic | 98% | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Verified deepfake incidents, full-year 2025 | 1,567 | Resemble AI[3] |
| Verified incidents, Q3 2025 alone | 2,031 (+317% vs. Q2 2025) | Resemble AI[1] |
| Attacks / victims / synthetic files, H1 2026 | 821 attacks, 15,736+ victims, 3.46M files | Resemble AI[4] |
The Home Security Heroes census also found that 99% of individuals targeted in deepfake pornography are women, and that a convincing 60-second deepfake pornographic video can be produced from a single clear face photo in under 25 minutes at no monetary cost.[2]
95,820
deepfake videos were catalogued online in the 2023 State of Deepfakes census — a 550% increase over 2019.
Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes
“
Verified incidents aren't slowing down — they're compounding. A 317% jump in a single quarter is not noise; it's the shape of the curve.
”— Resemble AI, H1 2026 Deepfake Threat Report
Who gets targeted: the gender skew of deepfake pornography
Most deepfake content is non-consensual sexual imagery of women, so that is where any look at targeting starts.
Between 90% and 95% of all deepfakes circulating online are non-consensual pornographic depictions, and roughly 90% of the individuals shown in them are women.[5] A separate count of deepfake video files found 95,820 online in 2023 alone, a 550% increase since 2019. Of those videos, 98% were pornographic, and 99% of the people depicted in that pornography were women.[2]
| Share of all online deepfakes that are non-consensual pornography | 90-95% | UN Women |
| Share of NCII deepfake subjects who are women | ~90% | UN Women |
| Deepfake videos found online (2023) | 95,820 | Security Hero |
| Growth in deepfake video count since 2019 | 550% | Security Hero |
| Share of deepfake videos that are pornographic | 98% | Security Hero |
| Share of deepfake pornography targets who are women | 99% | Security Hero |
99%
of people depicted in deepfake pornography are women, according to an analysis of the leading deepfake-hosting sites.
Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes
“
The overwhelming majority of deepfakes online are sexually explicit, non-consensual, and made of women — this isn't a fringe use of the technology, it's the dominant one.
”— UN Women, AI-powered online abuse
Entertainers and creators
Entertainment-industry figures make up most of the deepfake pornography targets, though not evenly across roles.
94% of deepfake pornography targets work in the entertainment industry. Within that group, singers account for 58%, actresses for 33%, social media influencers for 3%, models for 2%, and athletes for 2%.[2] By country of origin, targets are most often South Korean (53%), followed by American (20%), Japanese (10%), and English (6%).[2] Separately, 48% of surveyed US men report having viewed deepfake pornography at least once.[2]
Deepfake pornography targets by entertainment role
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Deepfake targets working in entertainment | 94% | Security Hero[2] |
| Top country of origin for targets (South Korea) | 53% | Security Hero[2] |
| US men who've viewed deepfake pornography at least once | 48% | Security Hero[2] |
58%
of deepfake pornography targets within the entertainment industry are singers, the largest single professional group affected.
Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes
“
Fame itself is the risk factor. The more publicly available reference footage someone has, the easier they are to target — which is exactly why entertainers dominate the victim pool.
”— Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes
Women in public office
Targeting reaches well beyond entertainers into public office, and the gender skew there is sharper still.
An analysis of 11 well-known deepfake websites found more than 35,000 mentions of non-consensual intimate imagery depicting 26 members of the 118th US Congress, 25 women and 1 man. Women members were roughly 70 times more likely to be victimized than their male colleagues.[6] The Markup independently confirmed the scope of that search.[7] The 19th News's reporting on the same findings made the same point: 25 of the 26 targeted members were women.[8] Reporting on deepfake pornography targeting elected officials shows this isn't limited to the US, with cases involving women politicians surfacing in multiple countries.[9]
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| NCII mentions found depicting Congress members | 35,000+ | American Sunlight Project[6] |
| Congress members depicted | 26 (25 women, 1 man) | American Sunlight Project[6] |
| Relative likelihood women in Congress are targeted vs. men | 70x | American Sunlight Project[6] |
| Deepfake sites searched for the analysis | 11 | The Markup[7] |
| Share of targeted Congress members who were women | 25 of 26 | The 19th News[8] |
70x
more likely — women members of the 118th Congress were victimized by deepfake NCII compared to their male colleagues.
American Sunlight Project
“
Nearly every targeted member of Congress found in this analysis was a woman — a pattern that mirrors what researchers see in the wider deepfake ecosystem, not an anomaly specific to politics.
”— The 19th News
Where non-consensual deepfakes are distributed
Dedicated hosting sites, imageboards, and social platforms each play a different part in how this content spreads, and keeps spreading after enforcement action.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| MrDeepFakes peak monthly active users (Nov 2023), before its 2025 shutdown | 12 million MAU | Wikipedia, sourced compilation |
| First major penalty tied to MrDeepFakes distribution, Australia (Sept 2025) | A$343,500 fine plus legal fees | Wikipedia, sourced compilation |
| Posts on two successor sites after MrDeepFakes' shutdown, vs. its lifetime output | 359,400 and 104,418 posts vs. 48,734 lifetime posts | arXiv preprint |
| Share of requests on 4chan's dedicated board specifically for non-consensual synthetic imagery | 86.1% | arXiv preprint |
| Visits to "nudify" sites driven by social referrals over four months (Dec 2025-Mar 2026) | 5.7M+ visits; ~1.82M from YouTube, 1.3M+ from X | Institute for Strategic Dialogue, via DigiconAsia |
| Overall image-based sexual abuse reports to UK's Revenge Porn Helpline, 2024 | 22,275 reports, up 20.9% from 18,421 in 2023 | SWGfL / Revenge Porn Helpline |
737+
posts per week on one successor site after MrDeepFakes' shutdown — activity that grew, not declined, following the platform takedown and the TAKE IT DOWN Act's passage.
'Deepfake Pornography is Resilient to Regulatory and Platform Shocks,' arXiv preprint
Successor-site posts vs. MrDeepFakes' entire lifetime output
“
Shutting down the largest dedicated host didn't shrink the ecosystem — it redistributed it, and volume kept climbing.
”— 'Deepfake Pornography is Resilient to Regulatory and Platform Shocks,' arXiv preprint
The face-swap and nudify app boom
FaceApp shows how large a single face-swap app can get while staying inside mainstream app-store rules.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Lifetime downloads | 480 million+ | ElectroIQ[10] |
| Lifetime revenue | $400 million+ | ElectroIQ[10] |
| 2024 annual revenue | $135 million | ElectroIQ[10] |
| Peak-year downloads (2020) | 120 million | ElectroIQ[10] |
| Revenue reported for 2025 | ~$150 million | Business of Apps[11] |
480M+
lifetime downloads for FaceApp alone, on top of $400 million+ in cumulative revenue.
ElectroIQ
FaceApp's 2024 revenue of $135 million[10] and Business of Apps' independent estimate of roughly $150 million for 2025[11] point the same way. A single face-swap app, operating fully within app-store terms, still has a sizable and growing paying user base years after its 2017 launch.
“
FaceApp's 480 million downloads and $400 million in lifetime revenue make it one of the most commercially successful photo-editing apps ever built on face-transformation AI.
”— ElectroIQ, FaceApp Statistics
The nudify app economy
Alongside legitimate face-swap apps, a parallel market of "nudify" and clothes-removal apps has scaled just as fast, and several independent investigations have now sized it.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Nudify apps found across Google Play/Apple App Store (April 2026 review) | 55 on Google Play, 47 on Apple, 38 on both | Tech Transparency Project[12] |
| Combined downloads / lifetime revenue of those apps | 705 million+ downloads, $117 million revenue | Tech Transparency Project[12] |
| Earlier 2026 review, pre-removal (Apple/Google) | 18 Apple apps, 20 Google Play apps | via PetaPixel[13] |
| Downloads / revenue in that earlier review | 483 million downloads, $122 million revenue | via PetaPixel[13] |
| Apps named in San Francisco's cease-and-desist action | 13 apps (8 Apple, 5 Google Play) | via MacTech[14] |
| Combined downloads/revenue for ~100 nudify-capable apps cited in that action | ~480 million downloads, ~$120 million revenue | Tech Transparency Project via IntoMobile[15] |
705M+
combined worldwide downloads across the nudify apps Tech Transparency Project identified in April 2026.
Tech Transparency Project
Separate investigations keep landing on nine-figure download counts: 705 million[12], 483 million[13], and ~480 million[15]. They are overlapping but distinct snapshots of app-store inventory, not one static number, which itself shows how quickly the category churns as stores remove apps and new ones replace them.
“
Nudify apps identified across Apple and Google's app stores had accumulated more than 705 million downloads and an estimated $117 million in lifetime revenue.
”— Tech Transparency Project
How people find these apps
App stores are only part of distribution. Social platforms remain a major discovery channel for nonconsensual deepfake tools.
| Active nonconsensual SIIA tool-hosting sites (May 2025) | 31 active sites | ISD |
| Combined monthly traffic across those 31 sites | ~21 million visits/month | ISD |
| Share of tool mentions (2020-2025) on X/Twitter | 70%+ (289,660 of 410,592) | ISD |
| Social-referral traffic to nudify sites, Dec 2025-Mar 2026 | 5.7 million+ visits | ISD via DigiconAsia |
| Estimated combined annual revenue of leading nudify platforms | up to $36 million/year | Wired via DigiconAsia |
| Unique monthly visitors to undressing sites (Sept 2023) | 24 million visitors | Graphika via Fortune |
| Growth in social links advertising undressing apps since early 2023 | 2,400%+ | Graphika via Fortune |
| Identified nudify providers and combined monthly visits | 34 providers, ~24M visits/month | Graphika via TIME |
2,400%+
increase in social-media links advertising undressing/nudify apps since the start of 2023.
Graphika, via Fortune
Traffic figures from Graphika[16] and ISD[17] were gathered roughly two years apart, yet both land near 21-24 million monthly visits to nonconsensual image-generation tools[17][16]. That suggests a sustained, not shrinking, audience even as individual sites get removed. Roughly 90 schools across 28 countries have documented deepfake abuse incidents tied to this ecosystem.[18]
“
More than 70% of all social-media mentions of nonconsensual deepfake tools between 2020 and 2025 occurred on a single platform: X.
”— Institute for Strategic Dialogue
Content volume and model proliferation
The underlying models and the content they produce have both grown sharply, beyond the apps themselves.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Deepfake videos found online (2023) | 95,820 videos | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Growth in deepfake video count since 2019 | 550% increase | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Share of online deepfake videos that are pornographic | 98% | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Time/cost to create a 60-second deepfake porn video from one photo | under 25 minutes, $0 | Home Security Heroes[2] |
| Downloadable deepfake model variants identified, and cumulative downloads | 34,000+ variants, 15 million+ downloads since Nov 2022 | ACM FAccT 2025[19] |
| Share of a 2,000-model sample targeting identifiable women without consent | 96% | ACM FAccT 2025[19] |
| AI undressing apps analyzed in a peer-reviewed study | 29 apps | Kaylee Williams / SAGE[20] |
| Share of deepfake videos made with open-source DeepFaceLab | 95%+ | Security.org[21] |
| Global increase in deepfake-related fraud attempts, 2022-2023 | 10x (1,000%+) | Sumsub via Security.org[21] |
15M+
cumulative downloads across 34,000+ identified deepfake model variants since November 2022.
ACM FAccT 2025, "Deepfakes on Demand"
Academic research points the same way as the industry reports. The researchers behind the "Deepfakes on Demand" study found 34,000+ downloadable model variants with over 15 million cumulative downloads[19], and 96% of a 2,000-model sample targeted identifiable women without evidence of consent[19]. That is consistent with Home Security Heroes' finding that 98% of online deepfake videos are pornographic.[2]
“
A 60-second deepfake pornographic video can now be produced from a single clear photo in under 25 minutes, at no cost.
”— Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes
The model supply chain behind the content
The same targeting shows up upstream, in the tools used to generate deepfakes.
Researchers at the Oxford Internet Institute found roughly 34,000 to 35,000 publicly downloadable deepfake image-generator models on a single platform, Civitai, with about 15 million cumulative downloads since late 2022. 96% of the most-downloaded models were built to target identifiable women.[22] A peer-reviewed companion analysis of the same dataset found the most popular models disproportionately targeted individuals from China, South Korea, Japan, the UK, and the US.[23]
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Publicly downloadable deepfake models found (Civitai) | ~34,000-35,000 | Oxford Internet Institute[22] |
| Cumulative downloads since late 2022 | ~15 million | Oxford Internet Institute[22] |
| Share of top models targeting identifiable women | 96% | Oxford Internet Institute[22] |
| Geographic skew of top models' targets | China, South Korea, Japan, UK, US | Oxford Internet Institute / ACM FAccT 2025[23] |
96%
of the most-downloaded, publicly available deepfake image-generator models are built to target identifiable women.
Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford
“
These aren't obscure tools. Millions of downloads, overwhelmingly aimed at real, identifiable women, show this is a mainstream part of the deepfake supply chain, not a fringe corner of it.
”— Oxford Internet Institute
Fraud and identity-verification attacks
Financial fraud and identity-verification bypass show the sharpest year-over-year growth in the current data, outpacing even the raw volume growth in section one.
Reported growth rates in deepfake-enabled fraud/attack categories
| Share of global fraud attributable to deepfakes, 2025 | 11% | Sumsub |
| Growth in Sumsub-detected deepfake fraud attempts | 1,100% surge | Sumsub |
| Maldives YoY deepfake-attack growth (most extreme region) | 2,100% | Sumsub |
| Growth in face-swap attacks on ID verification, 2024 | 300% | iProov |
| Growth in virtual-camera injection attacks, 2024 | 2,665% | iProov |
| Known face-swap/virtual-camera/emulator attack combinations | 115,000 | iProov |
| Users in the deepfake-fraud crime-as-a-service ecosystem | ~24,000 | iProov / SecurityBrief Asia |
| Enterprises expected to distrust standalone IDV by 2026 | 30% | Gartner |
| Growth in biometric injection attacks, 2023 | 200% | Gartner |
| Projected U.S. gen-AI fraud losses by 2027 | up to $40 billion | Deloitte |
| Growth in fintech deepfake incidents, 2023 | 700% | Deloitte / BiometricUpdate |
| 3-year growth in deepfake fraud attempts | 2,137% (0.1% → 6.5% of attempts) | Signicat |
| Share of financial fraud now AI-driven overall | 42.5% | Signicat |
| Financial institutions with AI-fraud defenses in place | 22% | Signicat |
| Biometric fraud attempts involving deepfakes | 1 in 5 (20%) | Entrust |
| Frequency of deepfake ID-verification attack attempts | one every five minutes | Entrust |
2,665%
was the 2024 growth rate in virtual-camera injection attacks — synthetic video fed directly into conferencing and verification apps.
iProov, Threat Intelligence Report 2025
“
Identity verification systems are now facing a deepfake attempt roughly every five minutes, alongside a 244% surge in forged digital documents.
”— Entrust, deepfake threat newsroom brief
Fraud and identity vendors tell a consistent story. Sumsub's[24] 11% share[25] of global fraud attributable to deepfakes sits alongside Signicat's[26] finding that 42.5%[27] of financial-sector fraud attempts are now AI-driven overall, even as only 22%[28] of financial institutions report having AI-specific defenses in place.
Sextortion and emerging scam patterns
Deepfakes and other AI-generated content also appear in financial fraud and extortion schemes, not only in pornography and CSAM.
Reports of financial sextortion to NCMEC's CyberTipline rose from 139 in 2021 to 10,731 in 2022 and 26,718 in 2023.[29] 72% of Americans say they've seen a fake or AI-generated celebrity endorsement online.[30] More broadly, 1 in 8 US adults report having been threatened with or subjected to non-consensual intimate imagery sharing, and women were 1.7 times as likely as men to be targeted.[31] In identity-verification fraud specifically, deepfakes accounted for 24% of all fraud attempts against motion-based biometric checks in 2024.[32] Scammers have also started building AI deepfake videos and voice clones that impersonate OnlyFans creators, using the fabricated persona to defraud fans directly.[33]
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Financial sextortion reports to NCMEC, 2021 | 139 | WeProtect Global Alliance[29] |
| Financial sextortion reports to NCMEC, 2022 | 10,731 | WeProtect Global Alliance[29] |
| Financial sextortion reports to NCMEC, 2023 | 26,718 | WeProtect Global Alliance[29] |
| Americans who've seen a fake AI celebrity endorsement | 72% | McAfee[30] |
| US adults affected by NCII threats/sharing | 1 in 8 | Cyber Civil Rights Initiative[31] |
| Relative NCII risk for women vs. men | 1.7x | Cyber Civil Rights Initiative[31] |
| Deepfakes' share of fraud attempts against biometric checks (2024) | 24% | Entrust[32] |
24%
of fraud attempts against motion-based biometric identity checks in 2024 involved a deepfake.
Entrust, Identity Fraud Report
“
Fans aren't just at risk of seeing fabricated content of a creator — some are being defrauded by a fake version of that creator, voice and video included.
”— Malwarebytes
Child abuse material and nudify sites
Deepfake growth isn't evenly spread across uses. Child sexual abuse material and non-consensual "nudify" tools show some of the steepest year-over-year increases in the dataset.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| AI-generated CSA videos assessed as realistic, 2025 vs. 2024 | 3,440 vs. 13 | Internet Watch Foundation[34] |
| Total AI-generated CSA images/videos assessed as realistic, 2025 | 8,029 items | Internet Watch Foundation[35] |
| Share of 2025 AI-generated CSA videos in the most severe category | 65% | Internet Watch Foundation[34] |
| Minimum inputs/time to fine-tune a realistic child deepfake (LoRA) | 20 images, 15 minutes | Internet Watch Foundation[34] |
| Monthly visitors to 85 AI "nudify" sites, through May 2025 | 18.6 million | Indicator[36] |
| Monthly visitors to nudify sites, Dec 2025–Mar 2026 | 40+ million | Indicator[36] |
| Monthly visitors to 34 nudify sites, December 2023 baseline | 24 million | Graphika / Fortune[37] |
| Non-consensual deepfakes in the original 2019 baseline study | 96% of ~15,000 total | Sensity AI[38] |
| Combined views on top 4 dedicated deepfake porn sites, 2019 | 134+ million | Sensity AI[38] |
3,440
AI-generated child sexual abuse videos were assessed as realistic by IWF analysts in 2025 — up from just 13 in 2024.
Internet Watch Foundation
“
AI is becoming a child sexual abuse machine. What used to require technical skill now takes as few as 20 images and 15 minutes.
”— Internet Watch Foundation, 2025 annual warning
Sensity's 2019 baseline was an estimated total of roughly 15,000 deepfakes, 96% of them non-consensual pornography[38]. Indicator's count of more than 40 million monthly nudify-site visitors in early 2026[36] shows how far both the volume and the accessibility of this category have moved in six years.
South Korea: a documented crisis
South Korea has some of the most granular law-enforcement data on deepfake sex crimes anywhere, largely because a 2024 national scandal prompted a formal police response.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Suspects apprehended in deepfake sex-crime cases, Jan–Oct 2024 | 506 (81.2% teenagers) | Korea Times / National Police Agency[39] |
| Growth in reported cases, 2022 to 2024 | 10-fold (52 → 548 cases) | Asia News Network[40] |
| Share of reported victims (2021–2023) who were teenagers | 59.8% (315 of 527) | UPI[41] |
10x
was the increase in reported South Korean deepfake sex-crime cases between 2022 and 2024 — from 52 cases to 548.
Asia News Network
“
Nearly 6 in 10 identified deepfake sex-crime victims in the 2021–2023 data were teenagers — and 8 in 10 apprehended suspects were, too.
”— UPI, citing South Korean police data
Public exposure and awareness
Beyond incident counts, survey data shows how many people have personally come across deepfake content and how confident they are at spotting it.
| Metric | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| UK adults who saw at least one deepfake in the prior six months | 43% | Ofcom[42] |
| UK adults confident they can correctly identify a deepfake | 9% | Ofcom[42] |
| Teens who know someone targeted by deepfake nude imagery | 1 in 8 (ages 13–20) | Thorn[43] |
| Teens who report being a deepfake-nude target/victim themselves | 1 in 17 targeted; 1 in 25 victimized | Thorn[44] |
| Teens familiar with deepfake nudes; share who believe it's legal | 31% familiar; 1 in 5 think it's legal | Thorn[43] |
| Ranking of disinformation/synthetic media as a 2026 global risk | #2 short-term global risk | World Economic Forum[45] |
| Americans who encountered a deepfake scam in 2024; victimized | 26% encountered; 9% victimized | McAfee[46] |
| Deepfake-scam encounters also reporting AI voice-cloning scams | 31% | McAfee[46] |
43%
of UK adults say they've seen at least one deepfake online in the prior six months — but only 9% feel confident they could correctly identify one.
Ofcom
“
Awareness of deepfakes has outpaced the public's ability to detect them — most people know the problem exists, very few trust their own judgment against it.
”— Ofcom, online safety research
Key numbers at a glance
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Deepfake videos catalogued, 2023 census | 95,820 (+550% vs. 2019) |
| Share of those videos that are pornographic | 98% |
| Share of people depicted in deepfake pornography who are women | 99% |
| Verified deepfake incidents, Q3 2025 | 2,031 (+317% QoQ) |
| Synthetic files verified, H1 2026 | 3.46 million |
| Global fraud attributable to deepfakes, 2025 | 11% |
| AI-generated realistic CSA videos, 2025 vs. 2024 | 3,440 vs. 13 |
| Monthly visitors to nudify sites, early 2026 | 40+ million |
| South Korean deepfake sex-crime case growth, 2022 to 2024 | 10-fold |
| UK adults who have seen a deepfake in 6 months | 43% |
| UK adults confident spotting a deepfake | 9% |
See the incidents behind the numbers
Our deepfake incident tracker turns aggregate stats like these into a searchable timeline of specific public incidents, lawsuits, and policy responses.
What to do if you are in these numbers
If you have found a fake of yourself, how to remove a deepfake video walks through evidence, reporting and search removal. If you are not sure one exists, see how to find out whether there is a deepfake of you.
Sources
Sources
- 1. DeepStrike, Deepfake Statistics 2025 ↩
- 2. Home Security Heroes, State of Deepfakes ↩
- 3. Resemble AI, 2025 Deepfake Threat Report ↩
- 4. Resemble AI, H1 2026 Deepfake Threat Report ↩
- 5. UN Women, AI-powered online abuse: how AI is amplifying violence against women and what can stop it ↩
- 6. American Sunlight Project, Deepfake Pornography Report ↩
- 7. The Markup, 1 in 6 Congresswomen Targeted by AI-Generated Sexually Explicit Deepfakes ↩
- 8. The 19th News, AI Sexually Explicit Deepfakes Target Women in Congress ↩
- 9. France24 (AFP), A Form of Violence Across the Globe: Deepfake Porn Targets Women Politicians ↩
- 10. FaceApp Statistics ↩
- 11. FaceApp Statistics ↩
- 12. Nudify Apps Widely Available in Apple and Google App Stores ↩
- 13. Apple and Google Direct Users to AI Nudify Apps ↩
- 14. Apple and Google Ordered to Remove Nudify Apps From Their App Stores ↩
- 15. San Francisco Tells Apple and Google to Pull AI Nudify Apps From Their Stores ↩
- 16. Nudify Apps Use AI to 'Undress' Photos of Women ↩
- 17. The Ecosystem of Nonconsensual Intimate Deepfake Tools Online ↩
- 18. Study Finds Social Platforms Are Still Driving Traffic to Nonconsensual Deepfake Nudify Sites ↩
- 19. Deepfakes on Demand (ACM FAccT 2025) ↩
- 20. Kaylee Williams, AI Undressing Apps Study (SAGE) ↩
- 21. Deepfake Statistics (Security.org) ↩
- 22. Oxford Internet Institute, Dramatic Rise in Publicly Downloadable Deepfake Image Generators ↩
- 23. Oxford Internet Institute / ACM FAccT 2025 (arXiv preprint) ↩
- 24. Sumsub, Annual Fraud Report Newsroom ↩
- 25. Sumsub, Fraud Report 2025 ↩
- 26. Signicat, fraud attempts with deepfakes up 2,137% press release ↩
- 27. Signicat, 42.5% of fraud attempts now AI-driven press release ↩
- 28. Signicat, only 22% have implemented AI-fraud measures press release ↩
- 29. WeProtect Global Alliance, Sextortion ↩
- 30. McAfee, The Stars Scammers Love Most ↩
- 31. Cyber Civil Rights Initiative, FAQs ↩
- 32. Entrust, Identity Fraud Report ↩
- 33. Malwarebytes, Scammers Target OnlyFans Users With Deepfakes ↩
- 34. Internet Watch Foundation, AI becoming a child sexual abuse machine ↩
- 35. Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Data & Insights Report 2025 ↩
- 36. Indicator, AI nudifiers continue to reach millions and make millions ↩
- 37. Fortune, nudify apps use AI to spike in popularity (Graphika data) ↩
- 38. Sensity AI, Mapping the Deepfake Landscape ↩
- 39. Korea Times, South Korea police arrest 506 suspects in deepfake sex-crime cases ↩
- 40. Asia News Network, deepfake and digital sex crimes by South Korean teens ↩
- 41. UPI, South Korea deepfake sex-crime digital pornography scandal ↩
- 42. Ofcom, deepfakes demean, defraud, disinform ↩
- 43. Thorn, Deepfake Nudes and Young People research library ↩
- 44. Thorn, Deepfake nudes are a harmful reality for youth ↩
- 45. World Economic Forum, cognitive manipulation and AI disinformation 2026 ↩
- 46. McAfee, study reveals people's deep concerns about AI-generated deepfakes ↩
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